Board Thread:Questions and Answers/@comment-26205387-20150402035024/@comment-28111867-20191103092345

Kurapika's a male. Kurta is his clan, so it's a logical last name for him, especially because he's male so he wouldn't be expected to change it with marriage, but not everyone ends up with their clan name. Clans can be hundreds of years old, containing plenty of members with different surnames, that are all related via (insert clan name's) blood line. It's more about establishing a traceable lineage.

In Kurapika's case, however, it seems that he chooses not to flash his surname because he wants to have that element of surprise, and probably avoid getting targeted for the scarlet eyes.